Identifying factors on the incidence of Verbal violence in Iranian football

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of Verbal violence in Iran's football stadiums, for which a qualitative analysis method with Glazer's ground theory (emergent theory) approach was used. The tool used in this research is a semi-structured interview. The statistical population is experts, experts and media agents in the field of sports. The sampling method was purposeful and the sample size was 10 people based on the theoretical saturation index. After the interview, the data were recorded and reviewed and studied several times. After ensuring the correctness of the recorded information, the data were entered into Max QDA software version 2022 and analyzed. The validity and reliability of the obtained codes were confirmed based on the four criteria proposed by Goba and Lincoln: validity, verifiability, reliability, and transferability. The results showed that 4 cultural and social factors, managerial and infrastructural factors, media atmosphere and security atmosphere governing stadiums are Verbal violence factors in Iranian football stadiums, which include 9 concepts of lack of cultural conditions, society, presence of families, management, weakness In the conditions of entering the stadium, comfort and health facilities, intensification of obscenity, prevention through the media and creating a tense atmosphere.